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France
Facts: Paris is the capital France and the center of cultural activity.
The Euro, which replaced the franc, is the primary currency. The population
as of 2005 is 60,656,178. France consists of 547,030 sq km. Natural
resources are coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic,
potash, feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber and fish.
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Paris, the capital, is the largest
city. One of the most famous attractions is the Eiffel Tower. The tower
was built for the World Exhibition 1889, held in celebration of the French
Revolution of 1789.Notre Dame is another attraction along with the Arc de
Triumph. Just south of Paris is Versailles Palace. The palace, paintings,
furnishing and gardens are outstanding!
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Paris is located on a north-bending arc of the
and
includes two inhabited islands, the
and the larger
> which is the heart and origin of the city. Paris has several
prominent hills, of which the highest is
at 130 metres (426½ ft) above sea level.
These are a few of Paris' major districts.
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Champs-Élysées (8th arrondissement, right bank) is a
seventeenth century garden-promenade turned avenue connecting the Concorde
and
Arc de Triomphe. It is one of the many tourist attractions and a major
shopping street of Paris. This avenue has been called "la plus belle avenue du
monde" ("the most beautiful avenue in the world").
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Avenue Montaigne (8th arrondissement), next to the Champs-Élysées,
is home to luxury brand labels such as
Louis Vuitton ,
Dior and
Givenchy.
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Place de la Concorde (8th arrondissement, right bank) is at
the foot of the Champs-Élysées, built as the "Place Louis XV", site of the
infamous guillotine. The Egyptian obelisk is Paris's "oldest monument". On this
place, on the two side of the Rue Royale live two identical stone
buildings: the eastern houses the French Naval Ministry, the western the
luxurious Hôtel de Crillon. Nearby
Place Vendome is famous for its fashionable and deluxe hotels Hotel
Ritz and
Hôtel de Vendôme) and its jewellers. Many famous fashion designers have
had their salons in the square.
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Faubourg Saint-Honoré (8th arrondissement, right bank) is
one of Paris' high-fashion districts, home to labels such as
Hermès and Christian Lacroix.
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L'Opéra (9th arrondissement, right bank) is the area around
the Opéra Garnier is a home to the capital's densest concentration of both
department stores and offices. A few examples are the Printemps
and Galeries Lafayette grands magasins (department stores), and the
Paris headquarters of financial giants such as Crédit Lyonnais and Montmartre (18th arrondissement, right bank) is a historic
area on the Butte, home to the Basilica of the Sacré Coeur. Montmartre has always had a history with
artists and has many studios and cafés of many great artists in that area.
Les Halles (1st arrondissement, right bank) was formerly
Paris' central meat and produce market, since the late 1970s a major shopping
center around an important metro connection station (the biggest in Europe). The past Les Halles was
destroyed in 1971 and replaced by the
Forum des Halles. The central market of Paris, the biggest wholesale food
market in the world, was transferred to Rungis, in the southern suburbs.
- Le
Marais (3rd and 4th arrondissements) is a trendy
Right Bank district. With large gay and Jewish populations
it is a very culturally open place.
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Place de la Bastille (4th, 11th and 12th
arrondissements, right bank) being one of the most historic districts, being a
location of an essential event of not only Paris, but the whole country of
France. Because of its historical value the square is often used for political
demonstrations, including the massive anti-CPE demonstration of March 28, 2006.
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Quartier Latin (5th and 6th arrondissements,
left bank) is a twelfth century scholastic centre formerly stretching between the Left
Bank's Place Maubert and the
Sorbonne campus. It is known for its lively atmosphere and many
. With
various higher education establishments, such as the
École Normale Supérieure, the
École des Mines and the
Jussieu university campus make it a major educational center in Paris,
which also contributes to its atmosphere.
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Montparnasse (14th arrondissement) is a historic Left Bank
area famous for artists studios, music halls, and café life. The large
Montparnasse - Bienvenüe
métro
station and the lone
Tour Montparnasse
skyscraper are located there.
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La Défense (straddling the
communes of
Courbevoie,
Puteaux, and
Nanterre,
2.5 km/1.5 miles west of the City of Paris) is a
key suburb of Paris and is one of the largest business centres in the
world. Built at the western end of a westward extension of Paris' historical
axis from the
Champs-Élysées, La Défense consists mainly of business highrises.
Initiated by the French government in 1958, the district hosts 3.5 million m²
of offices, making of it the largest district in Europe specifically developed
for business. The
Grande Arche (Great Arch) of la Defense, which houses a part of the French
Transports Minister's headquarters, ends the central Esplanade around which
the district is organized.
Paris, excluding the outlying parks of
Bois de Boulogne and
Bois de Vincennes, covers an oval measuring 86.928 square kilometres (33.56
mi²) in area. The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860
not only gave it its modern form, but created the twenty clockwise-spiralling
arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From its 1860 78 km² (30.1 mi²), these
limits changed marginally to 86.9 km² in the 1920s, and in 1929 the
Bois de Boulogne and
Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the city, bringing
its area to its present 105.397
square kilometres (40.69
mi²).
Paris has a
continental climate and is affected by the
North Atlantic Drift, so the city enjoys a temperate climate that rarely
sees extremely high or low temperatures. The average yearly high temperature is
about 15 °C
(59 °F,
and yearly lows tend to remain around an average of 7 °C (45 °F). The highest
temperature ever, recorded on
28 July
, was 40.4 °C
(104.7 °F), and the lowest was a −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) temperature reached on
10
December 1879.[15]
The Paris region has recently seen temperatures reaching both extremes, with the
heat wave of 2003 and
the cold wave of 2006.
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